Cost: $110, Registration Required
This preconference is organized jointly by COAPI (the Coalition of Open Access Policy Institutions) and SPARC. The session will be jointly sponsored and planned across the two coalitions.
These sessions will allow participants to learn about developing and implementing campus-‐wide open access policies, the impact of such policies, and how participants across the library spectrum can play a role in the success of campus open access policies.
Session A: Open Access Policies and Library/Publisher Collaboration for Mutual Success
This session will explore the importance of campus open access policies and how librarians and publishers are working together to bring more scholarly literature to the world. Delivered in the form of question-‐led panel discussion, this session will demonstrate ways in which librarians and publishers – open access and traditional -‐-‐ can work together on mutually agreed-‐upon goals in a productive manner, while ensuring campus open access policies are able to meet the goals their universities have set for greater access to institutional scholarship.
Panelists include:
Moderated by: Andrew Wesolek, Clemson University and Shawn Daugherty, SPARC
Session B: The Library Role in Supporting and Implementing Campus Open Access Policies This session will offer a brief introduction to Open Access Workflows for Academic Librarians (OAWAL), followed by group participation in contributing to the OAWAL resource.
Speakers include:
Join your fellow intrepid conference-goers for an early morning jaunt around some familiar Charleston haunts— 5k or 1 mile, run or walk, go the whole distance or just meet for an early coffee — it’s just a loosely organized* chance to get a little fresh air and fresh coffee to complement the conference’s fresh content.
Your itinerary:
6:05 am: turn off alarm clock, muster self-esteem, grab shoes
6:20 am: gather at Marion Square Park (near the obelisk), rain or shine
6:21 am - 6:29 am: exchange groggy hellos with fellow runners and/or walkers, mill about awkwardly, double-check suggested 5k and/or 1 mile maps.
6:30 am (sharpish): someone says, “ready, set, go!”
6:31 am - 7:00ish am: you’re out there, walking/running at your leisure, living the dream
7:00 am - 8:00 am: finish your adventure at Kudu Coffee House, and grab a cup
8:00 am: back to the Conference!
*The fine print: the run is non-certified, non-sanctioned, non-Boston qualifying, non-competitive, friendly, sidewalk-only events, and neither is officially or unofficially authorized or sponsored by the Charleston Conference. There will be no prize money, no police escorts, no waivers, no water stops, no fancy porta-potties, no sliced bananas at the finish line— that said, you could do worse than starting your day with a great cup of coffee and some nice new conference-wear.
E-resource acquisition began as a complex process and libraries struggled to manage it. When e-resources first arrived, librarians spent considerable time determining how to acquire these resources. A movement ensued to generate the best methods for selecting, ordering, negotiating licenses, choosing content and paying. Libraries were prompted to develop new workflows. Time has passed and acquisitions functions have mostly been standardized. However, with the acquisition of electronic resources comes the challenges of discovery and access. Now that many libraries feel more comfortable in acquiring e-resources with the help of technology, cloud-based services and task coordination, they are moving beyond acquisitions and focusing on discovery and access. It takes much time and great effort to efficiently manage e-resources so that there is seamless discovery and access.
The transition from print to electronic is a continuous process for most libraries as they allocate funds for electronic serials and books. Workflows are being developed that incorporate not only new technology, but also, new staff skills and knowledge. In this presentation, participants will be introduced to new workflows and technologies that VCU libraries has adopted to provide discovery and access. The discussion will begin with a presentation of how workflows have changed since the implementation of Alma, a cloud-based library management system and the influx of e-resources. Attendees will be led in a lively discussion and information sharing session to identify successful methods that can be used to move e-resources beyond acquisitions. Attendees will be exposed to a number of ideas for improving the management of their e-resources after acquisition and will leave the session with a greater understanding of the opportunities available to academic libraries in the cloud. In conclusion there will be a discussion of how e-resource acquisition expertise is diverging in response to discovery and access.
Registration Required
Take a break from your busy conference day as you’re invited to a ProQuest-sponsored luncheon about reimagining and transforming library systems.
Nannette Naught, founder and information strategist at Information Management Team (IMT) Incorporated, will be speaking about her experience in modeling library data to bear on a conceptual framework enabling libraries to achieve true transformation. During her talk, Ms. Naught will describe four key pillars of next generation library systems.
Sponsored by EBSCO - Advanced Registration Required
Discovery is a relatively new concept that has improved previous library search methods - but from a user’s perspective, it still may not be ideal.
Improving the discovery search experience has largely focused on what is being searched but what about how users are searching? Users, especially those from the digital native generation, are accustomed to Google and Wikipedia. If information professionals insist that users learn a different way of searching on discovery products, we risk imposing a poor and unfamiliar experience on those users. The design of discovery products might need to be in harmony with the Google and Wikipedia experiences that are such a natural reflexes for users, so that their overall experience is intuitive and aligns with their mental models and expectations of how the web-based navigation and content behave. During this presentation, we will describe the findings from multiple qualitative research studies about Google and Wikipedia usage, including:
We will also look at other factors that impact user behavior such cognitive styles, cognitive overload/”underload”, multitasking, and user web reading habits. In addition, we will summarize theories on information encountering and points of user engagement/disengagement/reengagement. We will conclude our presentation with an open-floor discussion on how to translate users’ behavior and expectation into features on the discovery system that facilitate and support a true discovery process.
There are few that would disagree that pop culture influences how we live, think, behave, buy, learn etc. It's also clear that pop culture has influence in the academic community, and many areas of study, including Literature, Arts, Philosophy, Religion, Economics, Psychology, Sociology, Business many others. Large numbers of books are published each year in all genre categories. For the academic community, many of these books traditionally would not fall under an academic materials umbrella but are relevant to support the ongoing study of how pop culture shapes modern life. How do vendors and universities select appropriate titles to add to collections to support studies of something so broad, impactful and important? How do you get the right books on the shelves to support educators and students?
In this session, Joyce Skokut, Director of Collection Development for Ingram Content Group, Pam Mackintosh, Economics Librarian and Coordinator, Shapiro Library Reference Services at the University of Michigan and Genya O’Gara, Director of Collections, James Madison University Libraries & Educational Technologies, will provide their thoughts, including successes and lessons learned, on integrating pop culture into their collections. A review of solutions and workflows that are helping their libraries successfully integrate modern titles in an academic setting will be provided and standing order plans, approval plans and journal review workflows will be discussed.
Quickly following what many expected to be a wholesale revolution in library practices, many institutional repositories encountered unforeseen problems and a surprising lack of impact. Clunky or cumbersome interfaces, lack of value and use by scholars, fear of copyright infringement and the like tended to dampen excitement and adoption. Libraries that have repositories, and those considering whether or not to take the plunge, are asking a number of questions we hope to address and discuss.
This lively lunch discussion will address four particular topics that are constant areas of focus for institutional repositories:
1. Choosing a Platform
2. Setting Policies
3. Recruiting and Creating Content
4. Measuring Success
Topics and themes that will be discussed at this lively lunch will mirror an upcoming Charleston Insights Series publication that is scheduled to be completed prior to the 2015 Charleston Conference. Audience members will have likely experienced some of these concerns, so we expect them to join our lively discussion with questions and comments. Participants will walk away with an enhanced understanding of how to launch IRs, how the role of the IR has evolved, and what are some of the possible future directions of IRs.
Slides from Barbara DeFelice
Slides from Patti Gallilee
Slides from Jennifer Goodrich
Slides from Simon Thomson
A growing number of funding bodies in the USA are mandating open access publication by those they fund and in the universities this is one reason for an increasing number of researchers who want to publish in open access or hybrid journals and seek financial help. Some universities have their own allocated funds but they and many others have to find some way of matching funding with publishers for their researchers. It is now customary see libraries as administrators for these funds: a UK group found the processing to be a “huge headache” for librarians there and in the USA there is a growing realisation that the “headache” has crossed the Atlantic and month by month is growing more severe.
This “lively lunch” is intended to bring a panel of speakers with experience into discussion with the various stakeholders represented at the Charleston Conference, not just librarians but publishers and intermediaries too and ideally researchers and funders. The context for newcomers to the complexities of paying for open access will be provided but the main business will be practical problems and possible solutions. The following speakers will give short initial presentations are Patty Gallilee, Associate University Librarian Collections & Scholarly Communication, who manages the fund at Simon Fraser University Library; Barbara DeFelice, Director, Digital Resources and Scholarly Communication Programs at Dartmouth College, who will discuss both her own practices and that of other US libraries; Simon Thomson, Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Open Access Key, who has worked on a ground breaking project with Jisc Collections in the UK on behalf of the library community, and Jennifer Goodrich from the Copyright Clearance Center who have created a system for publishers. The session will be facilitated by Anthony Watkinson, Principal Consultant of CIBER Research
Those attending this session may find http://aoasg.org.au/managing-article-processing-charges/ produced by the Australian Open Access Support Group a useful introduction.
How we up-ended collection development and acquisitions: In 2012 Bucknell University eliminated its approval plan and moved to a "single-stream" entirely patron-driven model for monographs, both print and electronic. During our presentation last year, we talked about the impact on acquisitions and the huge savings we immediately realized. Now that we've been PDA for two years, we are even more committed to this model! We will provide updated statistics and discuss the impact on technical services staffing and interlibrary loan. We'll also talk about the addition of an e-book DDA plan that is proving hugely successful.
We love it, and most importantly, our users love it.
Attendees will hear how we did it, why cloud services like OCLC WorldShare are essential, how it is working, and why we believe this is a very likely future for most libraries. We hope there will be lively discussion about what this means for the future of collection development and as well how one begins conversations like this with faculty and other stakeholders. Let’s debate why buying things "just in case" just cannot be justified anymore and more so, how this might actually help evolve rather than hurt scholarly publishing in the long term.
The economic challengers in higher education and healthcare coupled with continuing budget concerns have libraries, publishers and vendors making strategic changes as they seek to provide a high-level of services at a time when uncertainty continues to dominate planning and development. Creative thinking has become the norm as organizations seek to challenge long-held views and uncover and implement needed changes. Librarians, publishers, and vendors have all experienced a period of assessment, strategic review and reaction as a result of the continued evolution from a print-based model to one dominated by electronic dissemination of scholarly information and the new role eBooks promise to play. This presentation addresses some of the important actions taken by librarians, publishers and vendors to cope with changes forced by both the economy and budget pressures, by the continued migration of scholarly resources to electronic formats and by current and planned eBook activities and new eBooks models. It explores patterns in library content selection and spending trends, publisher prices and pricing models, as well as vendor strategies and tactics challenging and changing times. Data to be presented is the result of customer research conducted by EBSCO within the last six months.
In the summer of 2014, both Mellon and an AAU-ARL Task Force on Scholarly Communication announced proposals designed to seek innovative ways that “digital technologies can increase access to and reduce the cost of scholarly communications” (AAU-ARL) and to discover “opportunities to shape knowledge formation and dissemination to emerging needs and media” (Mellon). Concern over issues of cost, access, the free-rider problem, and ongoing sustainability for scholarly monographs and their sponsoring publishers (often university presses) are not new issues, but the announcement of these large-scale initiatives have the potential to change the conversation and develop some viable solutions and new thinking in the research publication value chain. The AAU-ARL initiative seeks to address the problems of the tenure monograph, while Mellon also aspires to make digital publishing “a first-class means” of dissemination and to encourage scholars to “participate more fully in the interactive Web.”
Critical to both these initiatives will be the involvement of university presses, for the processes of selection, development, vetting, and publication of monographs, and libraries as partners in developing new hosting capabilities and channels of dissemination. This plenary will gather representatives from the ARL, AAU, and scholarly publishers to discuss recent developments with the proposed projects and how such ecosystem partnerships might function in the years to come.
This roundtable discussion will be followed by an open Q&A to engage with members of the audience.ROAD, the Directory of Open Access scholarly Resources, was launched by the ISSN International Centre in December 2013 with the support of the Communication and Information Sector of UNESCO. This new directory aims to give an overview of the production of OA resources worldwide covering all those resources that can be identified by an ISSN such as, journals, conference proceedings, monographic series and academic repositories. The primary goals of ROAD can be described as:
ROAD is a free and multidisciplinary database which is based on ISSN bibliographic records and produced in conjunction with a number of partners (Scopus, Linguistics Abstracts, EconLit, DOAJ, Medline, SNIP, SJR...) who share their coverage lists with the ISSN International Centre. Their data is subsequently used to enrich the records in ROAD. Currently available as a beta version (http://road.issn.org), ROAD will switch to a full service at the end of 2014.
The presentation will explain the origins of the project (recurring questions about the quality of OA resources and about the role of the ISSN as an identifier, UNESCO’s need for statistics about OA in the world), the target audience and the use cases, the main features of the service and also the role of the ISSN as a matching key for gathering information taken from various sources. It will also explain the role of ROAD as a "laboratory" for further ISSN projects, in particular for exposing ISSN records as linked data.
The ISSN International Centre is an intergovernmental organization responsible for maintaining and publishing the ISSN International Register, the reference bibliographic database for the identification of serials and continuing resources. It is also the coordinator of the 88 National Centres charged to identify serials worldwide.
The Communication and Information Sector (CI) of UNESCO was established in its present form in 1990. Its programmes are rooted in UNESCO’s Constitution, which requires the Organization to promote the “free flow of ideas by word and image.”
In 2014, the University of Michigan Business School Library (Kresge Business Administration Library) emptied its shelves of books in a project that will forever change library support for the school’s research needs. No longer will the library be format agnostic in acquiring resources; only online resources will be purchased. How did this happen and what does it mean for the future of the library? More importantly, what may this suggest for other libraries? What does this mean for the future of publishers and vendors? If the library is not going to buy any print books, then the rationale of current models is seriously challenged if not entirely inadequate.
Publishers and libraries operate under fiscal and physical conditions that drive them further and further from mutually beneficial arrangements towards ones which are not sustainable nor good for either side. Gone are the days when we thought first and foremost about a quality item that would stand the test of time on our shelves. Instead, we are interested only in our immediate value and extracting value from others in the Information Supply Chain (or circle as many would argue).
With these changes on nearly every participant in the scholarly communication space, it is very clear that we are all being squeezed in a tight spot. This session will seek to identify and potentially find a common path where we can build a future that works for everyone. Leading the discussion will be a library director dealing with severe restrictions, a Sales Director from an academic publisher (also specializing in Business), and a representative from a major academic library book distributor Each party will provide a view from their desk that showcases a way that we might find some much needed breathing room in an increasingly small space. We hope you’ll join us for what we’re sure will be a very lively discussion.Is it really possible for libraries to maintain control of their content, spend less money in the process and provide open access to all?
For many years commercial publishers have controlled what and how content was published and the terms under which it was offered to libraries and their patrons. As an example, in the area of special collections, publishers have long offered to digitize important collections held by libraries at no cost to the institution. While the libraries receive back the digitized content, the digital rights remain with the publisher and the source library is restricted in what they can do with their own content. The collections become locked away forever behind expensive pay walls. While expedient, this model does not always align with the mission of libraries to advance scholarship by preserving and providing wide access to content to all who are interested.
The open access movement sprang to life in response to this and other commercial publishing models. The movement toward open access began with scholarly journals and has now pushed into monographs and special collections. At the same time, crowd-funding has proven to be an effective model for pooling resources to bring worthy projects to life.
Reveal Digital is combining the concepts of open-access and crowd-funding to create a sustainable model for broadening access to library special collections. Yes, working together libraries can change the publishing paradigm and economically expand access to unique and valuable content!
In this session, the founder of Reveal Digital, along with thought leaders representing faculty, academic libraries and archives, will explore why this and other models were developed, how they work and how your institution can meaningfully participate in the advancement scholarship.
Slides from Bill Hannay
Slides from Laura Quilter
This is the 4th year of the Charleston Conference's legal update session. We wondered if there would be enough to report (no big supreme court cases this time around), but... with copyright and legal matters, there's always something compelling. Our two legal panelists (one new to Charleston and the other a repeat offender on this panel!) will offer views and insights on topics such as:
* The Wolters Kluwer-Aspen Law Connected Casebook program, in which casebooks would come with access to Aspen’s digital platform, offering wonderful digital bells and whistles. However, students would be required to return the print books to Aspen at the end of the term. How do business models such as this relate to copyright law: Do they undermine it? Are they contractual and therefore over-ride the law?
* In the 2013 case of White v. West Publishing, two of the world's largest for-profit publishers asserted fair use over ingestion of millions of briefs into their databases, to which they sell full-text access. In February 2013, the court issued a brief notice that it had decided the case in the publishers’ favor, and in July 2014, the district court issued a memorandum explaining that three of four fair use factors weighed in favor of fair use, while the remaining factor was neutral. "For profit re-use" -- how do we understand this case?
* In May 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union famously ruled on the “Right to be Forgotten," meaning that "Individuals have the right - under certain conditions - to ask search engines to remove links with personal information about them." Is this good for privacy? Libraries? Are there any parallels in the US?
Come to hear about these and other topics that our expert panelists will thoughtfully explicate, leaving time to ask questions.
"Our users are used to searching and don't care for A-Z lists. We don't want to maintain a separate database of databases. Let's catalog the database record once, recycle it and use the discovery API to build a database search feature."
That was our thought when introducing our new web site. When filtering on databases Summon API was called and a relevancy ranked list was presented. But immediately voices were raised from researchers and post-graduates that they had difficulties using the tool. So, we decided to build a more traditional database list yet keeping the main principles:
To build a tool that facilitates discovery and provides additional features we had to use a source with more stringent meta data. Thus we dropped the Summon API and instead used the API from the original source. A team of librarians and IT-developers developed a database search feature and list that better met the needs of both students, faculty and librarians. We, the librarians, got an understanding about APIs. We also learned by painful experiences that to make MARC records at least a bit machine readable we need to catalog with thorough control. The IT-developers learned about the MARC reality we still live in.
The poster shows how records can be recycled and services integrated in a seemingly traditional, yet modern, database list. Attendees can learn that cataloging knowledge is essential but when developing new services you need to use the principles pragmatically. We hope to discuss how to re-use data in library applications in clever ways.
In 2013, due to requests on the attendee evaluations and comments from participating vendors and publishers, we changed the format of the Saturday morning sessions in order to better provide a wide breadth of content on new and updated products that are of interest to the Charleston Conference community. The changes were met with overwhelming support and positive reviews, so we will continue in the same format for 2014.
These sessions are designed to offer publishers and vendors the chance to showcase their newest and most innovative products, platforms, and/or content. A continental breakfast buffet will be available for attendees. Speakers will be organized in a “lightning round” format with 15 companies, each allotted 5 minute presentations, back-to-back.
Participating Companies:Oscar Wilde stated that “a dreamer is one who can only find his way by moonlight, and his punishment is that he sees the dawn before the rest of the world.”
The use of “big data” by institutions of higher education – and academic libraries – to address the complex problems faced by postsecondary education is still truly in its infancy. Dreamers by moonlight are seeking new methods of funding, assessment, and strategic planning. Among the issues that face institutions of higher education, retention is one hot-button element with wide-ranging implications. Where does the academic library fit in with increasing calls for accountability, stretched budgets, and imperatives for student success? How can our evolving libraries demonstrate value in this dynamic new context for higher education?
This session presents the findings of two studies into the correlations between 1) the alignment of library services/resources with high-impact practices for student engagement/retention and 2) between library use and student retention. Beyond these findings, however, this session is a call to action for academic librarians to “see the dawn” and embrace user analytics in order to refine services and resources and to demonstrate value to university administrators.
As the demand for electronic resources continues to grow, so does the challenge of making them easier to find, use, and manage. E-resource products sold to libraries and their metadata (titles, URLs, coverage dates, link schema) are in a constant flux and knowledge bases must reflect these changes so users can easily discover and access the full text content they need. WorldCat is the first knowledge base to harness the collective expertise of its user community by allowing users to approve/reject proposed updates from other users and content providers, submit changes to existing collections, and share custom collections. This unique approach not only increases the quality of e-resource metadata for improved discovery, access, and maintenance, it also saves librarians time and effort related to managing this on their own. In this session, participants will hear candid experiences from Charlie Remy, Electronic Resources and Serials Librarian from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, who is actively participating in this group endeavor. This will include a critical look at the pros and cons of his experiences since migrating to the knowledge base in 2012, and an overview of cooperative data management, including successes, areas for improvement and future directions. Audience members will be encouraged to share their experiences and challenges with managing electronic resource holdings and how they might be overcome.
Libraries are increasingly using, or at least considering, remote storage facilities for their little-used materials in order to free up valuable on-campus library space for other purposes. While libraries and their users typically welcome the end result of re-purposed and revitalized space, the process required to get there can easily prove to be both time-consuming and costly. No matter how the work is organized, it is likely to require significant investments, either of regular staff time that may not be readily available, or additional temporary staff that may not be possible to hire given limited budgets.
In this program, one academic library will present its experiences leveraging everyday inexpensive technology, computer software, and staff creativity to develop a process for preparing materials to go offsite with a minimum of staff time or direct costs.
In particular, we will cover:
Plenty of time will be provided for audience questions; additionally, audience members will be encouraged to share experiences with this set of activities in their own libraries. Hopefully, attendees will be inspired to take the information shared back to their home institutions in order to experiment and either develop or fine-tune their own processes as needed.
Are you thinking of moving to shelf-ready? Do you truly believe that shelf-ready means the book is ready to be shelved upon unpacking? Do you want to build collaboration with your cataloging department? Does your acquisitions staff want to learn new skills?
Stacey Marien, the Acquisitions Librarian and Alayne Mundt, the Resource Description Librarian at American University Library will discuss how acquisitions staff was trained on rapid copy cataloging of shelf-ready approval books by following a checklist developed by cataloging staff. When American University Library started shelf-ready approval books, we were surprised with the number of records that needed cataloging intervention. The acquisitions staff reviews approval shelf-ready books and those books that pass a checklist, bypass the cataloging unit and go straight to circulation to be shelved. Those with errors in records that needed review and correction by experienced catalogers-- with problems such as call number issues, "bad" records, needing additional access points, no table of contents, and other problems were routed to the cataloging unit.
The reason why the library implemented this new acquisitions workflow was to decrease the time between the arrival of an approval book and when it went to the shelf. This has freed up cataloging to work on more original cataloging and work that requires in-depth knowledge. With more material going electronic this was also a way for acquisitions staff to acquire new skills. We instituted this new workflow in 2009 and since then the checklist has been improved so that more books now bypass cataloging completely. In 2011, 24% of titles bypassed cataloging and in 2013, 56% bypassed cataloging.
This collaboration with cataloging has led to more projects for acquisitions to participate in such as ebook copy cataloging, report running, and a large “move to storage” directive. The collaboration has also helped with troubleshooting problems with our vendor Coutts/Ingrams.
1:00-1:30 pm Panel 1 Michael Levine-Clark and Rebecca Seger: Ebooks: Key Challenges, Future Possibilities
For scholarly publishing and academic libraries, the transition from print to ebooks has been slower than we initially imagined. Multiple business models, concerns about digital rights management and long-term access, and the nature of long-form scholarship itself have made librarians and publishers slow to embrace ebooks to their full potential. By polling experts from both communities, we have identified five key challenges posed by ebooks. We will discuss innovative but sustainable models for acquisition, access, and long-term management that will help us make the transition.
1:35-2:05 pm Panel 2 Jill Grogg and Robert McDonald: Transitioning from Legacy Systems to Cloud Infrastructure
Next generation library management systems are moving in new directions from the historic ILS silo to new library services platforms and a key ingredient for this new type of service is grounded in a cloud computing future. New developments that modularize the core functions of an ILS within the library services platform also should allow for new options for dis-integrated discovery layers and use of outside e-resource data that can take advantage of data feeds coming from commercial and other supplied application programming interfaces (APIs). How will these key changes benefit your library? What are the pitfalls? What does your library need to know about migrating to the next generation library services platforms and when is the right time to migrate?
2:10-2:40 pm Panel 3 Jonathan Harwell and Jim Bunnelle: Lightning Round: Alternative Serial Distribution Models for Libraries
It’s 2014, and library patrons still have limited ways to access the text of articles behind pay walls. The current mix of subscriptions, interlibrary loan or document delivery, and pay per view is unsustainable for endangered library budgets, and thus is unsustainable for publishers. It’s time to begin leveraging the tools we use for e-books-- discovery services, demand-driven acquisition, and perpetual purchase-- and apply them to articles. After all, the distinction between a monograph and a serial is fluid. Books in series, book-length articles, article-length books, and special issues sold as monographs illustrate the folly of treating them as inherently different creatures. Let’s talk about what it will take to enable publishers and librarians to work together on sustainable, perpetual purchases of serial content.
2:45-3:00 pm Rick Anderson: Depth Perception in Academic Libraries: A Two-Dimensional Model
Academic libraries are unlike many other mission-driven institutions in that they have to situate their missions and strategies in two dimensions simultaneously: spatial (along a spectrum from local to global) and temporal (short-term to long-term). Furthermore, they have to harmonize their strategic orientations with those of their host institutions, resulting a complex and sometimes politically difficult set of contervailing tensions. Rick will share a model he has created for visualizing these dynamics and solicit input and discussion from the group.